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Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by a parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis (TV).

Trichomoniasis is caused by a parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. In the body, this parasite primarily affects the genitals.

The infection is spread mainly through sex, particularly when a condom is not used (unprotected sex). It can also be spread by sharing sex toys if they are not washed or covered with a new condom before use. You cannot catch trichomoniasis through casual contact, such as kissing, hugging, sharing utensils, or using public toilets.

Trichomoniasis symptoms usually develop within a month of infection. Up to half of all people may not have any symptoms, but they can still pass the infection on to others. Symptoms can be similar to other STIs, so it might be hard to identify without testing. Trichomonas is not usually part of a standard sexual health test and doctors usually only test for it if there are symptoms. 

Common symptoms include:

  • Abnormal discharge, which may be thick, thin, frothy, and yellow-green in color.
  • An increase in discharge, often with a fishy smell.
  • Itching, soreness, or swelling in the genital area, which may also affect the inner thighs.
  • Pain or discomfort during urination or sex.
  • Pain during ejaculation or frequent urination.

If any of these symptoms are noticed, it’s important to get tested to confirm the cause and receive appropriate the correct treatment.

To reduce the risk of trichomoniasis, consider these steps:

  • Always use condoms during vaginal, anal, or oral sex.
  • If using sex toys, cover them with a condom or wash them thoroughly before sharing.
  • Avoid sharing needles or other items that could carry infections.

Even after treatment, you are not immune to trichomoniasis and could become infected again if safe sex practices are not followed.

Trichomoniasis is treatable with antibiotics. It’s crucial to complete the full course of antibiotics and to avoid sexual activity  until the infection is cleared to prevent reinfection.

Both current and any recent sexual partners should also be treated to reduce the risk of passing the infection back and forth. If treatment is not followed properly, or if unprotected sex occurs before finishing treatment, the infection may return, and further treatment may be necessary.

If trichomoniasis is suspected, your doctor will conduct a physical examination and may take a swab from the vagina, penis, or other areas to test for the infection. In some cases, a urine sample can also be tested. If your doctor suspects trichomoniasis, they may begin treatment before the results come back to prevent further spreading of the infection.

It’s very important to inform any recent sexual partners so they can get tested and treated as well.